汶川8.0级地震甘肃陇南地区建筑震害调查

Damage Investigation of Buildings in Southern Gansu Province during the Wenchuan MS8.0 Earthquake

摘要:

总结了2008年汶川8.0级地震在甘肃陇南地区造成的农村房屋和城镇房屋的典型震害及其原因。考察发现,由于农村房屋一般未经抗震设防设计,在本次地震中即使在低烈度地区仍然震害严重;而城镇房屋震害较轻,一般均表现出良好的抗震性能,严重破坏的大多是一些施工质量差,缺乏良好的抗震概念设计以及改建时未考虑抗震设计的建筑。建筑震害调查的几个地区设防烈度均为Ⅷ度,实际烈度为Ⅵ～Ⅸ度,因此这些地区的房屋震害情况刚好能反映这些地区房屋抵抗小震、中震及大震的能力。结果表明,严格按照抗震规范设计、并保证施工质量的建筑基本都能达到三水准设防目标。最后本文对灾后重建和抗震设防提出了建议。

Abstract:

The typical seismic damages of buildings in both rural and urban areas in southern Gansu province during the Wenchuan MS8.0 earthquake in 2008 and the corresponding reasons are summarized.The investigation showed that the seismic damages of rural buildings were very different from that of urban buildings.Generally,the construction of rural buildings does not follow the seismic design code,which leads to serious damage even in low-intensity seismic areas.Urban buildings,on the other hand,generally survived the earthquake with light or moderate damage.It was found that severe damages of urban building were mostly caused by the effect of poor construction quality,improper design and unreasonable reconstruction.The seismic fortification intensities for those investigated regions are all 8 degree,while the real intensities are 6～9 degrees.So the observed seismic damage could be used to demonstrate whether the current design methods could satisfy the Three-Level performance fortification target.The survey result shows that buildings with good seismic design and construction all have a well seismic behavior,and the distributions of building damages have good agreement with the seismic fortification objectives.At last,advices for seismic fortification and post-earthquake rebuilding are given.