积石山6.2级地震学校建筑典型震害特征及对人员疏散的启示

Typical seismic damage characteristics of school buildings in Ms6.2 Jishishan earthquake and implications for evacuation

摘要:

2023年12月18日，甘肃省积石山县发生6.2级地震。地震发生后，部分作者先后对处于不同烈度区的9所中小学及4个教学点内的15栋框架结构和24栋砌体结构进行调查与分析。调查结果显示，发生严重破坏的12栋建筑均为设置钢木屋架的单层砌体结构；框架结构仅有少数发生中等破坏，其余均为轻微破坏。在一些主体结构相对完好的学校建筑中，非结构构件、构筑物的震害仍相对严重，对校内师生的人生安全和疏散路径畅通造成较大影响。基于现场震害调查，归纳了教育建筑及内部设施常见破坏模式，总结了校内师生疏散路径上“房间”、“走廊”、“楼梯”、“户外”等主要环节存在的潜在安全隐患。结合本次地震中学校校园空间中的潜在安全隐患，建议可对非结构构件、设备与构筑物采取适当加固措施，以进一步提升震后学校师生的人员安全和疏散畅通性。

Abstract:

On December 18th ,2023, a Ms6.2 earthquake struck Jishishan County, Gansu Province. Field investigation was conducted immediately by part of authors to evaluate the damage of 15 frame structures and 24 masonry structures from 9 schools and 4 teaching points located in varying seismic intensity zones. The investigation showed that the 12 severely damaged buildings were single-story masonry structures with wood-and-steel composite trusses. Most of frames exhibited minor damage, except that a few frame structures suffered moderate damage. Additionally, despite the relative integrity of structural components in some school buildings, non-structural components and ancillary structures exhibited significant seismic damage, threatening the safety and smooth evacuation of students and teachers. The study identified seismic damage patterns within educational facilities, and summarized the potential safety hazards in evacuation routes, including "rooms," "corridors," "staircases," and "outdoor" spaces. Consequently, reinforced measures are recommended for the non-structural components, equipment, and ancillary structures in campus to achieve improved safety and faster evacuation of students and teachers.