爆破振动传播规律及控制技术研究进展

Advances in blasting vibration propagation law and control technology

摘要:

在各种由爆破作业引起的危害中，爆破振动的危险性最大，对周围环境和结构安全构成显著威胁。为给爆破振动研究工作提供参考，首先回顾了爆破振动理论在国内外的发展历程，详细介绍了关键的理论研究进展和研究成果。在此基础上，总结了爆破振动传播规律的研究现状，并对高程放大效应和空洞效应进行了阐述。梳理了不同国家关于爆破振动安全判据的标准。其次从能量源、传播介质和传播过程三个方面，对爆破振动控制技术进行了细致的分类讨论，并介绍了新型爆破技术在实际工程中的应用特点及其优势。最后对工程爆破技术的研究现状进行总结，指出现有研究在爆破振动衰减规律、安全判据制定以及爆破控制技术方面存在的不足，对未来的研究方向提出具体的展望。

Abstract:

Among the various hazards caused by blasting operations, blasting vibration is the most dangerous, posing a significant threat to the surrounding environment and structural safety. In order to provide reference for the research work on blasting vibration, the development history of blasting vibration theory at home and abroad is firstly reviewed, and the key theoretical research progress and research results are introduced in detail. On this basis, the current research status of the propagation law of blasting vibration is summarized, and the elevation amplification effect and cavity effect are elaborated. The standards of different countries on the safety criterion of blasting vibration are sorted out. Secondly, from the three aspects of energy source, propagation medium and propagation process, the blasting vibration control technology is carefully categorized and discussed, and the application characteristics and advantages of new blasting technology in actual projects are introduced. Finally, the research status of engineering blasting technology is summarized, pointing out the deficiencies of the existing research in the attenuation law of blasting vibration, the formulation of safety criteria and the blasting control technology, and putting forward a specific outlook on the future research direction.