基于无人机倾斜摄影的强震区公路高位危岩崩塌形成机制及稳定性评价

Formation Mechanism Analysis and Stability Evaluationof Dangerous Rock Collapses Based on the ObliquePhotography by Unmanned Aerial Vehicles

摘要:

强震区公路高位危岩崩塌具有极高隐蔽性和危害性，传统的接触式勘察方法难以有效调查震后位于公路两侧高陡斜坡体上的危岩崩塌体。提出一种基于无人机的倾斜摄影测量技术，该技术采用无人机超低空采集高位危岩体的高清影像数据，构建三维空间模型，从而提取危岩体特征参数，为危岩体稳定性分析提供数据支撑。利用无人机对某高速公路危岩崩塌地质灾害路段进行调查，对无人机倾斜摄影测量成果进行分析，明确调查区19处危岩崩塌体特征和崩塌成因机制，在此基础上评价典型崩塌体稳定性。并且使用RocFall软件模拟分析典型危岩体崩落运动轨迹，研究高位危岩崩塌对公路的危险性。研究成果对强震区山区公路高位危岩崩塌勘察、稳定性评价工作具有重要的参考价值。

Abstract:

Rock collapses along highways in earthquake-prone areas are hazardous. Dangerous post-earthquake rockfalls on high-steep slopes on both sides of highways are difficult to investigate through the traditional contact survey method given their concealed nature. In this work, an oblique photogrammetry technology based on unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) is proposed. The technology involves the deployment of a UAV at an ultralow altitude to collect the high-definition image data of high-risk rock masses. Then, it constructs a three-dimensional space model to extract the characteristic parameters of dangerous rock masses. These parameters can provide data support for the stability analysis of dangerous rock masses. The UAV is utilized to investigate a geologically hazardous section of a highway that had experienced a highly dangerous rock collapse. The oblique photogrammetry results of the UAV are then analyzed. The characteristics of dangerous rockfalls and the formation mechanism of rock collapses in the survey area are analyzed to evaluate the stability of typical dangerous rockfalls. Rockfall software is used to simulate and analyze the movement track of typical dangerous rockfall collapses, and the danger posed by rock collapses to highways is studied. The results of this work provide important references for the investigation and evaluation of high-level dangerous rock collapses along mountain highways in earthquake-prone areas.