基于模糊数学的震后建筑火灾危险性评估模型研究

A Model ofFire Risk Assessment of Post-earthquake Buildings Based on Fuzzy Mathematics

摘要:

震后建筑火灾涉及因素多，传统评估模型忽略了建筑截面温度变化与建筑形变程度的影响，导致评估准确度较低。为解决此问题，通过模糊数学方法建立震后建筑火灾危险性评估模型。在建立判断矩阵的基础上，获取评估模型权重，确定隶属度矩阵；通过确定震后建筑火灾后截面温度变化评估的因素集与评语集，进行单因素评判，为评估因素集中的因素赋予权重，实现一级模糊评估；再将一级评估结果作为二级评估的单因素评估，结合模糊数学分析完成对震后建筑火灾危险性的评估。实验中以建筑横梁截面温度变化与形变程度为指标，对震后建筑火灾危险性进行评估。实验结果表明，采用所提模型进行危险性评估，震后在发生火灾时建筑结构受到火灾影响，横梁截面温度越高，导致形变程度越大，危险性更高，模拟实验结果与实际情况更加接近，所提模型评估精度高。

Abstract:

There are many factors involved in a post-earthquake building fire. The traditional assessment model ignores the influence of building cross-sectional temperature change and building deformation degree, which leads to low accuracy of evaluation. To solve this problem, a fire risk assessment model of post-earthquake buildings was established the by "fuzzy mathematics" method. On the basis of establishing the judgment matrix, the weight of the evaluation model was obtained and the membership matrix determined. By determining the factor set and comment set for the assessment of cross-sectional temperature change after an earthquake fire, single factor evaluation was carried out to realize the first-grade fuzzy evaluation. The first-grade evaluation result was considered as the single factor of second-grade evaluation. The buildings' fire risk assessment post-earthquake was then completed along with the with the fuzzy mathematical analysis. In the experiment, the temperature change and deformation degree of the cross section of the building beam was taken as the index to evaluate the fire risk of the post-earthquake building. The experimental results showed that, when using the proposed model to assess the fire risk, if the post-earthquake building is on fire, the higher the beam section's temperature and the greater the deformation degree, the higher the overall fire risk. The evaluation accuracy of the proposed model was high.