丝绸之路明长城遗址的病害性态研究

Study on theDisease Behavior of the Great Wall of the Ming Dynasty along the Silk Road

摘要:

明长城遗址是与丝绸之路沿线赋存环境相统一的开放系统，遗址的病害表观、时空演化受环境因素影响显著。调查丝绸之路遗址区的气候特征和地质地貌、地震活动等环境特征并选取具有差异性环境特征的典型遗址，通过史料查阅、野外考察和室内分析测试，结合遗址区环境特征和建筑形制、土体性质研究各类病害在不同因素影响下其表观特征及空间分布规律，验证各类病害形成与发展的存在性，进一步揭示病害演化机制，为防治和监测病害的形成和发展提供参考，提出在遗址加固保护中应基于各类病害的表征及机理有的放矢地设计全面的保护方案，这对土遗址的长期保存有着重要意义。

Abstract:

The Great Wall of the Ming Dynasty is an open system that is unified with the environment along the Silk Road. Environmental factors exert considerable influence on the disease development and spatial-temporal evolution of the site. Typical sites with different environmental characteristics were selected for the investigation of the climate characteristics, geological physiognomy, and seismic activity along the Silk Road. The characteristics and spatial distribution laws of various types of diseases, which are affected by various main factors, were identified by referring to historical materials and performing field investigations and laboratory tests in combination with the investigation of environmental characteristics, architectural configurations, and soil properties. The disease evolution mechanism was further revealed by verifying the existence, formation, and development of various diseases and would guide the prevention and monitoring of the formation and development of diseases at the study site. In recent years, site reinforcement and protection projects frequently encountered destructive issues that necessitated repair. A comprehensive protection scheme that combines reinforcement and protection should be designed on the basis of the characteristics and mechanisms of various diseases. Such a scheme is crucial for the long-term preservation of soil sites at the Great Wall of the Ming Dynasty.