提高露天矿边坡稳定性的爆破减震缓冲垫

Blasting Shock Absorbing Cushion for Improving Slope Stability of Open Pit

摘要:

在对岩体高边坡爆破减震分析的基础上提出了一种简便、有效及成本低的降低岩体开挖及边坡爆破震动的缓冲垫装置，不仅可以避免对炮孔半周边岩石产生大量裂缝而且可以避免由于多次爆破震动对边坡岩体产生的累积损伤，使边坡岩体及围岩受到的爆炸冲击荷载低于岩体破坏的门槛值， 大幅度增加岩体边坡稳定性，并提高边坡稳定角度。用爆破实际测震数据说明、工程爆破效果验证，首次用在攀枝花露天铁矿边坡开挖工程中，半孔率可达到95%以上。

Abstract:

This paper introduces a type of blast control device that has a simple structure and is easily used in open pits.The stability of a high rock slope is an important technical problem in engineering infrastructure.Excavation by blasting produces a shock effect that directly affects the stability of high rock slope projects.By using the proposed method，large amounts of cracking on the rock slope and progressive damage to surrounding rock masses can be avoided.In addition，it provides a cushion and absorbs a large amount of heavy detonation shock from blasting to prevent instability in the rock slope.This method was first used in the Xujiagou iron open pit in Panzhihua，Sichuan，where it was shown to effectively cushion the heavy detonation shock from explosions，thus avoiding damage to the step surface slope of the rock and its accumulated damages.Moreover，the rock slope stability was improved，the stability of the rock step slope was increased at least 2° after deep hole blasting，and the half-hole ratio was 95%.Furthermore，this method can be used in tunnel and underground engineering.When this blasting technique is used in rock slope excavation with blasting，less material is needed and less damage is produced，which leads to better contour quality，larger profits，and a greater benefit for the blasting perimeter.