岩石高速摩擦实验与地震物理过程

High-velocity Rock Frictional Experiment and Physical Process of Earthquake

摘要:

简述了最近20年来国内外岩石高速摩擦实验研究领域的进展和动态：岩石高速摩擦实验技术的发展实现了对高滑动速率、大位移的地震过程的实验模拟；其结果揭示了岩石和断层泥在地震滑动速率下的力学性状，深化了对断层滑动弱化机制、临界滑动距离、以及地震发生过程的认识和理解；实验在假玄武玻璃成因方面取得了重要进展，并提出了断层发生地震滑动可能留下的其它地质证据，可望为研究断层滑动性状与地震物理过程提供新的思路和信息。岩石高速摩擦实验今后的发展方向主要包括：发展具有加温系统和孔隙压系统的岩石高速摩擦实验装置，研究水热作用下岩石和断层泥的高速摩擦性状；室内实验和地震资料分析相结合研究断层滑动和地震机制；室内实验和野外地质调查相结合探索断层发生地震错动的地质证据等等。

Abstract:

The progress of research on high-velocity rock frictional experiments in China and abroad in last 20 years is reviewed briefly. The progress in this field is mainly presented at following aspects. （a） The development of experimental technique in high-velocity rock friction has realized the simulation on earthquake process with high slip rate and large displacement be- come realistic. （b） The results reveal the mechanical properties of rocks and fault gouges under seismic slip velocity, which promotes our understanding on the weakening mechanism of fault slip, the critical slip distance and the earthquake process. （c） The experiments have made important progress in the cause of pseudotachylite and suggested other possible geological evidences left by seismic fault slip, which may offer new ideas and information for studying fault frictional properties and physical process of earthquake. It is prospected that the further study in high-velocity rock frictional experiment will focus on following aspects： developing high-velocity rock friction apparatus with temperature and pore pressure systems and investigating the high-velocity frictional properties of rocks and fault gouges under hydrothermal condition, studying mechanism of fault slip and earthquake by combining laboratory experiment and seismic data analysis, and seeking after geological records of seismic slip by combining laboratory experiment and field geological investigation.